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Native Trees
Abies fraserii Fraser’s Fir ~ Similar to Balsam Fir with blunt leaves that are shiny above & silvery below and exposed green or purple cones ~Forestry, suitable for large yards ~Full sun, Well-drained soil, Woodland ~Hardy to -40 C (-40 F) Zone 2B ~ Height: 25 M tall (83 ft), Spread: 5 M (16 ft) ~#1,#5
Abies grandis Grand
Fir ~ Large, broad conical evergreen, deep green in color with a pleasant scent. ~Flat needles, dark green and grooved on top, two white lines below ~On fairly dry slopes and along river flats ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained, fertile soil, Woodland ~Hardy to Zone 4A ~Height: Up to 80M (262 ft), Spread: Up to 30M (100 ft) ~#1,#2, #5
Abies procera Noble
Fir ~ A nice, symmetrical shape with greyish bark and evergreen needles, blue-green in colour with silvery undersides, very aromatic. ~Landscape or specimen tree ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained, moist soil, Mountain ~Hardy to -25°C (-14°F) Zone 5B ~ Height: 45M (145 ft) , Spread: 9M (30 ft) ~#1, #5
Acer macrophyllum Bigleaf
Maple ~Impressive tree with broad maple leaves, up to 30cm across that change colours in the fall. ~ Very good for providing shade or as a garden specimen, tolerant of a wide range of site conditions. ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Shade Forest ~Hardy to Zone 4B ~Height: Up to 35M (115 ft), Spread: Up to 25M (80 ft) ~77PL, #1,#2,#5
Alnus rubra Red
Alder ~Distinctive large serrated leaves up to 15cm (6 in)~ Important tree for forest soil building, through fixing nitrogen from air. ~Red alder is good for woodland reclamation and streamside plantings ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Riparian ~Hardy to Zone 4A ~Height: Up to 25M (80 ft), Spread: Up to 10M (33 ft) ~77PL, #1,#2,#5
Alnus sinuata Sitka Alder ~ Small tree or shrub, with distinctive saw-tooth edged leaves, commonly found as a pioneering species on avalanche tracks. ~Outstanding reclamation species; hardy; does well on steep slopes for erosion control ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Woodland ~Hardy to Zone 3A ~Height: 1-5M (3-16 ft), Spread: 1-3M (3-10 ft) ~77PL, #1,#2,#5
Arbutus menziesii Arbutus ~ British Columbia's only native broad-leafed evergreen tree, with large, glossy leaves. It has a distinctive peeling bark and produces a profusion of white flowers followed by clusters of red berries. ~Attractive feature tree for coastal gardens, sea spray tolerant ~Full sun, Well-drained, rocky, slightly alkaline soil, Shoreline ~Hardy to Zone 5B ~Height: Up to 30M (100 ft), Spread: Up to 15M (50 ft) ~77PL, #1, #5
Betula papyrifera Paper Birch ~ Small to medium sized deciduous tree with stunning white, peeling bark and delicate foliage that produces brilliant shades of yellow in fall. ~Outstanding specimen tree suitable for woodland plantings and garden specimen ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Woodland ~Hardy to Zone 4A ~ Height: Up to 30M (100 ft), Spread: Up to 15M (50 ft ~77PL, #1, #5
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Yellow Cedar ~This tree has a graceful weeping appearance because of it’s drooping branchlets with yellow-green lacey foliage. ~Attractive specimen tree in the landscape and open spaces ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Mountain ~Hardy to Zone 3B ~Height: 20-40M (66-130 ft ), Spread: Up to 20M (66 ft) ~77PL, #1, #5
Cornus nuttallii Western
Flowering Dogwood ~ The Dogwood is British Columbia's provincial flower, with white bracts surrounding greenish-purple flowers very early spring ~Beautiful tree for landscaped areas or as a specimen tree ~Full sun, Well-drained soil, Woodland ~Hardy to Zone 5B ~Height: Up to 20M (66 ft), Spread: Up to 10M (33 ft) ~#1,#5
Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazelnut ~ Ranges from a shrub to a small tree, with graceful yellow catkins in spring, followed by small nuts ~Habitat naturalization, attracts wildlife, especially attractive to squirrels and birds ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained, moist soil ~Hardy to Zone 5B ~Height: 1-4M(3-13 ft), Spread: Up to 4M (13 ft) ~#1,#5
Larix occidentalis Western Larch ~ One of the few deciduous conifers that is native to British Columbia with bundles of small, soft, light green needles turning brilliant yellow in fall ~A very attractive specimen tree, tolerates a wide variety of soil and site conditions ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Woodland ~Hardy to -35°C (-30°F) ~Height: 45M (145 ft), Spread: 4M (13 ft)
Malus diversifolia Pacific
Crabapple ~ Rough shredding bark , dark green leaves and small white flowers in spring, followed by yellow/red crab apples ~Commonly found in moist, open woods. Good for streamside, flood plain and habitat restoration, attracts wildlife ~Full sun to partial shade, High in humus, moist soil, Shoreline ~Hardy to Zone 3A ~ Height: Up to 10M (33 ft), Spread: Up to 4M (13 ft) ~77PL, #1, #5
Picea sitchensis Sitka
Spruce ~ Large, fast growing tree with blue-green needles, square in cross section, well suited for lowlands. Tolerates sea spray. ~Reforestation or reclamation of coastal areas, specimen or landscape tree ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained soil, Woodland ~Hardy to Zone 3B ~Height: Up to 45M (150 ft), Spread: Up to 12M (40 ft) ~#1, 5
Pinus contorta Lodgepole Pine ~ Hardy adaptable tree with deep green needles borne in pairs and a wide variety of growth habits, depending on where it is growing. From knurled twisted specimens on coastal and mountainous areas to the classic straight Lodgepole tree of the interior. ~Full sun, Well-drained soil, Interior ~Hardy to Zone 4A ~ Height: Up to 15M (50 ft), Spread: Up to 6M (20 ft) ~#1,#5
Pinus contorta var. contorta Shore Pine ~ This tree has deep green needles 2-7cm long in paired bundles and is salt tolerant and adaptable to a wide variety of soil and site conditions. ~Plant along shorelines, or as a garden specimen ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Shoreline ~Hardy to -15°C (5°F) ~ Height: 20-30M (65-100 ft), Spread: 8M (26 ft) ~#1, #5
Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa Pine ~ Thick scaly bark, gray-green needles, borne in threes and long clumps of needles and large pine cones. ~Grows well on exposed, dry slopes and as a specimen tree ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained soil, Grassland, Interior ~Hardy to Zone 4A ~ Height: Up to 50M (164 ft), Spread: Up to 10M (33 ft) ~#1, #5
Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen ~ Flat leaf stalks allow the circular to broadly ovate or heart shaped leaves to flutter in the slightest breeze. Tolerates a wide variety of site conditions. ~Along rivers and flood plains and dry upland sites ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained, moist soil, Shoreline ~Hardy to Zone 3A ~ Height: Up to 25M (82 ft), Spread: Up to 5M (16 ft) ~77PL, #1,#5
Populus trichocarpa Black
Cottonwood ~ Large, fast growing tree with large heart-shaped leaves that is suitable for moist low land areas. ~Heavy limbed tree, growing along rivers and in valley lowlands. Good for stabilizing river banks. ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Shoreline ~Hardy to Zone 4B ~Height: Up to 40M (130 ft), Spread: Up to 10M(33 ft) ~77PL, #1, #5
Prunus emarginata Bitter
Cherry ~ Shrub or small tree, with shiny dark green foliage and white flowers, followed by small red cherries in August. ~Wildlife habitat enhancement and restoration ~Full sun, Well-drained soil, Shade Forest ~Hardy to Zone 4B ~Height: Up to 12M (40 ft), Spread: Up to 8M (26 ft) ~77PL, #1, #5
Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry ~ Shrubby small tree, with purple to black colored edible fruit. Very winter hardy. ~Good choice for re-vegetation as it can form thicket from suckers. ~Full sun, Well-drained soil, Grassland ~Hardy to Zone 3B ~ Height: Up to 8M (26 ft), Spread: 2-4M(6-13 ft) ~77PL, #1, #5
Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir ~A compact, bushy tree with bluish-green needles arranged spirally that tolerates a wide variety of soil and site types, drought tolerant. ~Reforestation, landscapes, windbreaks and Christmas Trees ~Full sun, Well-drained soil, Woodland ~Hardy to Zone 5B ~Height: Up to 40M (130 ft), Spread: 10-15M (33-50 ft) ~77PL, #1,#2,#5
Quercus garryana Garry
Oak ~ Is the major component of the endangered, southern Vancouver Island Garry Oak ecosystem, with deeply lobed, typical oak shaped leaves. ~Dry, exposed areas or as a specimen tree ~Full sun, Well-drained soil, Grassland ~Hardy to Zone 6B ~Height: Up to 25M (80 ft), Spread: 20-25M (66-82 ft) ~77PL,#1,#5
Rhamnus purshiana Cascara ~ Graceful spreading small tree with smooth gray bark and greenish-yellow clusters, followed by dark purple berries in late summer. ~Wildlife habitat and waterside planting ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained, moist soil ~Hardy to Zone 4A ~Height: Up to 12M (40 ft), Spread: Up to 7M (23 ft) ~77PL, #1,#5
Taxus brevifolia Western Yew
~Evergreen tree with reddish, papery bark and flat, dull green needles with a stripe underneath and bright red berries ~Forests, useful as hedgerows ~Full sun to partial shade, Moist soil, Shade Forest ~Hardy to Zone 4 ~Height: 5-12M (40ft), Spread: Up to 7M (23ft)
Thuja plicata Western
Red Cedar ~ Large, fast growing tree, with thin bark that can be peeled off in strips and sweeping dark green foliage. ~ Reforestation, habitat restoration, hedging and windbreaks ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained, moist soil, Shade Forest ~Hardy to Zone 5A ~Height: Up to 70m (230 ft), Spread: Up to 10m (33 ft) ~77PL, #1, #2, #5,#7
Tsuga heterophylla Western
Hemlock ~ Large tree with characteristic drooping top and graceful arching branches with silver feathery appearance. ~Forestry regeneration, landscaping and to provide shade Excellent specimen for open areas. ~Full sun to partial shade, Well-drained, moist soil, Woodland ~Hardy to Zone 4B ~ Height: Up to 60m (200 ft), Spread: Up to 8m (26 ft) ~77PL, #1, #2, #5
Tsuga mertensiana Mountain
Hemlock ~ Picturesque tree with dark blue-green dense foliage, typical of those seen on BC coastal mountains at or near timber line. ~Open areas, on hillsides, especially at higher elevations ~Full sun, Well-drained, moist soil, Mountain ~Hardy to Zone 4B ~Height: Up to 40m (130 ft), Spread: Up to 8m (26 ft) ~#1, #5
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